becoming

the trail of a family becoming

Mary and Max

Forget Avatar and others, I think Mary and Max is indeed the best film of 2009. Yes, all of us are not perfect, and good that we have imperfects like Mary and Max telling us just that.

Go get a copy and watch it. You’ll be glad that you did.

Dear Mary, please find enclosed my entire Noblet collection as a sign that I forgive you. When I received your book, the emotions inside my brain felt like they were in a tumble dryer, smashing into each other. The hurt felt like when I accidentally stapled my lips together. The reason I forgive you is because you are not perfect. You are imperfect, and so am I. All humans are imperfect, even the man outside my apartment who litters. When I was young I wanted to be anybody but myself. Dr. Benard Hazelhof said if I was on a desert island, then I would have to get used to my own company. Just me and the coconuts. He said I would have to accept myself, my warts and all. And that we don’t get to choose our warts, they are a part of us and we have to live with them. We can, however, choose our friends. And I am glad I have chosen you. Dr. Hazelhof also said that everyone’s lives are like a very long sidewalk. Some are well paved. Others, like mine, have cracks, banana skins and cigarette butts. Your sidewalk is like mine, but probably not as many cracks. Hopefully one day our sidewalks will meet and we can share a can of condensed milk. You are my best friend. You are my only friend. Your American pen pal, Max Jerry Horovitz.

— Mary And Max

HBO: John Adams

HBO’s John Adams is certainly something that is worth to watch. It has won numerous Emmy and Golden Globe awards in 2008 & 09. Paul Giamatti (as Adams) and Laura Linney (as his wife, Abigail) are extraordinary in their performances.

Based on David McCullough’s Pulitzer Prize-winning biography, the 7-part miniseries taps into the uncertainty and intensity surrounding the birth of the American republic and its first 50 years. With the fervent support of his wife Abigail (Linney), and through a lifelong political rivalry and friendship with Thomas Jefferson (Stephen Dillane), Adams rose to be the leader of the American independence movement, the nation’s first ambassador to Holland and England, the first American Vice President, the second American President, and father of the sixth American President.

One thing you won’t expect is the visual effects employed throughout the miniseries. Check this check:

And trust me, you don’t have to be a historian in order to enjoy this!

天父也起舞

Why Everything Must Change 的 conference 裡,第一次真正聽Baxter Kruger 分享,講的是他最精的三一神學。聽罷,有一種不能不讚嘆神的激動。所以,風聞種耔為他出小書 Parable of the Dancing God 的中文版,我則寫了個書介,期望更多華語信徒能經歷這種恩悅。

[link: seedxpress]

港•讀書

雖然在港期間,日日帶住老婆同個女「早出晚歸」,好彩總算係假期,也讀了幾本書。
讓我在這裡作個一句起、兩句止的書評。

  1. How to Be Evangelical without Being Conservative
    怎樣說呢?若你認為作為福音派就必定等於立場保守,並且要義無反顧地擁護Religious right 的原則價值,那麼這本書並不適合你。這本我quote了好幾次的書,作者的重點不是要說服你他所有的論點都正確,而是要向你提供,一個又一個作為福音派,可以progressive的可能。就這點來說,我是帶著興奮和期待地看的。因為「福音派」實在被「基要主義」和「保守主義」騎劫得太久了。
  2. 于丹VS易中天——當論語遇上三國
    因《百家講壇》而帶動的國學熱,我越讀越發現,兩人對歷史人物的解說/心得,其實很接近信徒的那種「靈修分享」。而學者就兩人對歷史人物的解讀(誤讀)而作的評擊,就更接近Historical Jesus vs. Christ of Faith的爭論。雖然在討論中他們提到並非將《論語》或《三國》當成基督教的聖經來讀,但他們所了解的所謂「讀聖經」,並非今日信徒的讀經。他們所反對的,其實是將某些經集看為絕對權威,那不問因由就推崇備致的表現。但若說將古典經卷讀進日常生活中,好像今天教會鼓勵信徒在生活中「應用」聖經,就這一點上,于丹和易中天對華文經典的看法,確實很像基督教對聖經的看法。
  3. 孩子,你慢慢來
    龍應台不再是《野火集》的辛辣和銳利,換上的,是當了母親八年的慈心。不過,有一點卻是一樣的:是那種不甘,不甘將這母親的角色混過去。那種不一樣的觀察和想象,對國家社會如是,對作為母親的自己也是如此。對著華安、華飛兩個兒子,龍應台記下了天下母親本來就應該記下的記憶。要感受母子關係中的愛和盼,這本書,不能不讀。

Intelligent Church

早前讀過Change Agent一書,留意書背推介同作者的Intelligent Church,於是好奇之下,也買來讀了。

不想多談作者之前關於Penal Substitution 所引起軒然大波。但作者所觀察,關於今日教會的形象在非信徒中已出現極大問題,卻是相當的認同(是類似UnChristian一書的觀點)。例如作者留意,今日的非信徒可以清楚告訴你一堆接一堆,教會所反對的事情,但若問「教會所持守、所力爭的(uphold and fight for what?)是甚麼?」,相信教外(甚至教內)的人也不一定能答得上幾個。

另一個有趣的觀察:耶穌在世的工作中,是以愛來推展祂的工作,而不是一味靠「嚇」、靠大聲罵人、指出罪惡來叫人悔改。改變是重要的,但改變之先,更重要的是先知道自己被愛。

這是耶穌的使命,也是教會的任務。

叫世人為罪、為義、為審判,自己責備自己的是聖靈,不是我們(p.166)。

當然,耶穌不是沒有以嚴厲之話指出對頭的錯誤來,

但是誰面對耶穌這樣的「指點」?

是當時的宗教領袖,就是那些自以為已經是站在神那邊的人(p.97)。

你認為,今日的耶穌,會向誰,以嚴厲之聲來責備呢?

書的用語淺白,是寫給一般信徒,作者本身經驗和例子,與經文範例貫穿每段。每章若15頁左右,相當好讀,是屬於我認為的「枕前書」一類。

每章最後都有一個叫”Yes, But How?”的小段,用意是好的,但細讀之下,發覺內容與標題並不一定相關;所說的,我不覺得屬「怎樣」的指引,或者似某人的讀後感想多一點;這算是書中敗筆的地方。反而每段的問題思考,更加踏實和可行。

看這類書常帶來有一個疑問:若我不再其位,可能(怎樣)帶出書中的改革嗎?或者更吊詭的情況可能是:看書者,不在其位而不能;在其位者,能(或曰:自認不能)而不看。這書也未能好好回應這點。

當然,問一些「作者為何沒有說?」的問題是不公平的,所說的,已經相當不錯,沒有說的,就留待讀者(我們)繼續寫下去吧!

目錄:

  1. Intelligent Church
  2. Inclusive Church
  3. Messy Church
  4. Honest Church
  5. Purposeful Church
  6. Generous Church
  7. Vulnerable Church
  8. Political Church
  9. Diverse Church
  10. Dependent Church
  11. Transforming Church

[Intelligent Church | 推介 | 試閱 ]

Darker than the Dark Knight

Do I really look like a man with a plan, Harvey? I don’t have a plan. The mob has plans, the cops have plans. You know what I am, Harvey? I’m a dog chasing cars. I wouldn’t know what to do if I caught one. I just DO things. I’m a wrench in the gears. I HATE plans. Yours, theirs, everyone’s. Maroni has plans. Gordon has plans. Schemers trying to control their worlds…

…Nobody panics when the expected people get killed. Nobody panics when things go according to plan, even if the plans are horrifying. If I tell the press that tomorrow a gangbanger will get shot, or a truckload of soldiers will get blown up, nobody panics. But when I say one little old mayor will die, everyone loses their minds! Introduce a little anarchy, you upset the established order, and everything becomes chaos. I am an agent of chaos. And you know the thing about chaos, Harvey? It’s fair.

The Joker in The Dark Knight (2008).

Without spoiling the plot, I can tell you this: It is DARK. It is sheer terror. I mean, yes it is certainly one of those Hollywood Blockbusters. But it is more. Yes, you will love the gadgets, the effects, the car chase, the explosions, but in the end, it is that 4-letter word that will stay and linger — EVIL.

Not those Japanese blood-coming-out-of-the-nose-and-eyes evil, not those monster-looking-with-slimy-glue-dripping-out-from-the-body evil. It is evil in absence with all those things. It is the twisted mind, the irrationality, the lack of any motives or reasons to do or not do…

There is no logic to evil. It is not the opposite of Good, but the absence of it. And just how frail are we humans? Just look at DA Harvey Dent; look at those people on the 2 ferries; look around…

I don’t think I need to say more for you to understand what the movie is trying to say: No, we don’t need a hero. In fact, there is no need for a superhero. The White Knight has failed, and the Dark Knight is no hero neither. Gotham needs someone who can avert such despicable evil. One that can put things right.

Out of such incredible darkness, we need someone that can bring us dawn.

We need a Savior.

以中東文化重看耶穌 (9)

[系列全文]

Bailey, Kenneth E.
Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

全書目錄

Part 3: The Lord’s Prayer
9. The Lord’s Prayer: God’s Kingdom and Our Bread: Matthew 6:10-11

Bailey在這章先介紹3個不同的歷史觀:(1)歷史是沒有意義的。它沒有進程、沒有目標。(2)歷史是循環的、重複的。因此今天的事情,並不代表甚麼。(3)聖經中啟示文學的觀念:歷史是有指向的,是「耶和華的日子」、是「神的國」。因此,就算這幅大的圖畫怎樣在生活中難以看見,它都客觀地存在。

而正是基於(3),耶穌教導門徒以「願你的國來臨」禱告。

天國(或 神的國)在新約中,呈現3個的弔詭的真理:(1)天國是「在」也是「不在」。(2)天國是「近」也是「遠」。(3)天國是「可知」也是「不可知」。祈求天國降臨地上的人,眼光超越了個人的需要,越過個人和所屬的群體,在人類歷史中,找緊一個更新我們「生之所事」的宏大敘事(metanarrative)。因為這禱告並不是一個消極的空盼望,而是有方向、有內容的(更)新異象。Bailey指出,「爾旨得成,在地若天」一句,充份說明了今日信徒不能不關心世上的議題。約18.36「我的國不屬這世界」絕不能成為信徒不問世事的借口,因為耶穌說的「不屬」(not out of)是說明來源的問題(=並非來自這世界),然而神的國卻真真實實的這世界。

在主禱文的中央,是「我們日用的飲食,今日賜給我們」一句。猶太的十八祝文也有為農作物的祈願。問題是這句說話的意思其實並不明顯。尤其是「日用的飲食」這一片語,實在可以有4個翻譯的可能:

  1. 強調時間:
    1. 今日的糧
    2. 明日的糧(如出埃及時的嗎哪)
  2. 強調數量:
    1. 緊夠的糧(夠維持生命而已)
    2. 需用的糧

關鍵是中文聖經譯作「日用」一字,在希臘文的歷史中從未出現,意義難明。而我們歸納了早期教父對這句經文的解釋,得出以上的4個可能。Bailey相信,4個可能是出於同一個來源。他從二世紀古敘利亞新約抄本,留意到經文為 Lahmo ameno diyomo hab lan(中譯是 「不缺之糧,今日賜給我們」Give us today the bread that does not run out)。敘利亞文在多方面跟耶穌用的亞蘭文極為相似。故此,古敘利亞的新約抄本,可以說是將希臘文的新約,「還原」作耶穌所用的語言。若以此為原來的句語,則可以包含以上4個往後流傳的觀點。這是一個在恐懼中得釋放的祈求:求每天不用擔懮是否有足夠的食物。

最後,Bailey還留意到這句「不缺之糧,今日賜給我們」的3個特點:(1)這裡是求能過活的糧,不是求漂亮的蛋糕;(2)求,是為「我們」求,不是單為自己求。其他人的生活,必需是我們在禱告中同樣關心的事;(3)糧,永遠是禮物,重點放在對賜予者的信靠。

以中東文化重看耶穌 (8)

[系列全文]

Bailey, Kenneth E.
Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

全書目錄

Part 3: The Lord’s Prayer
8. The Lord’s Prayer: God’s Holiness: Matthew 6:9

上星期很忙,遲了貼上撮要,現在繼續。

在這章,Bailey先比較主禱文中的六個祈求和當時猶徒教的「十八祝禱文」。耶穌作為熟悉「十八祝禱文」的猶太人,祂對這禱文的加增或刪減能突顯祂所強調的重心信息。跟「十八祝禱文」不同,耶穌再次在主禱文中「去錫安化」(de-Zionized)。或者說,祂教導門徒禱告的聚焦點不再是耶路撒冷或是聖殿。另外,恕罪,出奇地跟饒恕他人之罪連在一起,這跟「十八祝禱文」截然不同。還有,主禱文中再沒有哀求神攻擊敵人,亦沒因著子民的受苦而有要求神為他們爭戰。Bailey看耶穌在主禱文中這樣的增和減,是讀者了解祂事工獨特性的好指引。

進入關於「願人都尊你的名為聖」的討論。Bailey提出這是divine passive的句法。這祈求實際上是祈求主聖化祂自己的名(註:這不同於和合本的翻譯。不是「願人尊」,而是「願你的名被(神自己)聖化」)。但為何要聖化呢?

從結36.16-23可以了解,這是因為神的子民沾污了神的名,叫神蒙羞。但怎樣聖化?沒有人可以聖化神的名,只有神自己可以這樣作。換句話說,祈求「聖化神的名」就是說祈求神自己作出行動。

然而,這樣的祈求也牽涉人的回應。用賽6.1-10為例,當先知以賽亞經歷神顯示自己的聖潔時,亦帶來了先知對自己不潔的認識。等待神的潔淨後,隨之而來的就是差遣。人是需要回應這差遣的。於是當人呼求上主再一次顯示祂的聖潔,人就是預備著一種如以賽亞經歷一樣的參與。

再比較主禱文首兩句,Bailey留意這是耶穌教導上主的愛(天上的亞爸)和聖潔(願你的名為聖)的特質。但聖潔和愛怎能並存?借用何西亞先知為例,Bailey指出,當「聖潔—愛」(holy love)的神遇見不潔的創造,聖潔使祂不能坐視不理(不同於溺愛),而因著愛,所以神主動拯救(單單聖潔則不會)。

對我來說,不是聖潔與愛怎樣可以並存,相反,聖潔和愛必需要同時出現,救贖才有可能。